CE Flashcards Section 1 - Cost Plus Pricing Definition

Working through CE material, and one of the flashcards lists Cost-Plus (T&M) as affecting:

  • Quality of the work

  • Likelihood of claims brought by the contractor

  • Frequency of change orders

After cross-checking AHPP 17.4 and 16.1, I think these characteristics actually belong to Stipulated Sum, not T&M. Posting to see if I’m missing something.

1. “Claims brought by the contractor” — logic points the other way

In T&M, actual costs are reimbursed automatically. The contractor doesn’t need claims to recover costs — they’re already being paid for them. Weak incentive for GC to claim. Instead, the owner may have a lot of reasons to question the legitimacy of GC’s spending. More claims, if so, should come from the owner rather than the contractor.

2. “Frequency of change orders” — same logic

The whole idea of T&M is to adapt to project changes. Scope changes are absorbed in real-time reimbursement. A CO isn’t strictly required for the money to flow — actual costs are billed as incurred. Why would T&M lead to more COs?

3. “Quality of the work” — AHPP says the opposite

AHPP 17.4 lists T&M as the preferred method when “construction quality or special construction requirements are more important than cost, such as in defense projects or research facilities.” AHPP literally positions T&M as the quality-first choice. The flashcard implies the opposite.

It appears that the characteristics of Stipulated Sum were pasted onto the T&M flashcard. Would love to hear how others have reconciled this with AHPP.

Thanks for your question @knyckchau! You bring up really great points and it shows that you are thinking about these concepts at the right level the ARE requires. In reality, these aspects are actually relevant to any pricing method, depending on how those factors are handled at the onset and throughout the project. Therefore, this description is correct in that Cost-Plus may affect those items, and are not definite outcomes/consequences. Our team will adjust the flashcard definition to be more clear.

Kiara Galicinao, AIA, NCARB
Product Coordinator
Black Spectacles