C&E practice quiz
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Question 5:
2/17/2020
A large hospital project is under construction. The guiding documents for the project are the standard AIA documents including the A201.
Which matches the correct role with the responsible party in a construction project?
A. Architect - interpret the contract documents
B. Owner - supervise and direct the work
C. General contractor - accept nonconforming work
D. Subcontractor - perform special inspections
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is A. Architect - interpret the contract documents
Based on AIA A201 section 4.2.11, the architect will interpret and decide matters related to the contract documents.
Choice B is incorrect. The owner does not supervise and direct the work, the contractor does. Choice C is incorrect. The general contractor cannot accept nonconforming work the owner can. Choice D is incorrect. The subcontractor does not perform special inspections, a special inspector hired by the owner does.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice; AIA A201
Question 6:
2/24/2020
A bidder for a new religious building would like to propose a substitution for the roofing material.
How many days before the bid date does the bidder have to submit the substitution for approval?
_____ days
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is 10 days
The answer is 10 days. The number of days before the bid date that substitution requests can be made is found in AIA document, Instructions to Bidders, AIA A701-2018 in section 3.3.2.
Ref: AIA A701-2018 3.3.2
Question 7:
3/2/2020
A cash allowance is included in the bid form for the light fixtures.
What does this mean for the bidders?
A. The light fixtures are not part of the contract and will be supplied by others
B. The owner will purchase these fixtures themselves
C. The contractor will bid a fixed sum for each fixture
D. The contractor will reimburse the owner a portion of the trade discount
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. The contractor will establish a price for each fixture.
Allowances are fixed sums given to products or materials before bidding when the exact item is unknown. Contractors then include the allowances in their bid. Common items that are bid as allowances include cabinets, lighting, and specialty hardware.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice; The Project Resource Manual: CSI Manual of Practice
Question 8:
3/9/2020
An architect is preparing a sustainable waste management plan for a large construction project.
Which shows the preferred waste management hierarchy for non-hazardous materials in the correct order from most to least preferred?
A. Recycling and Composting; Energy Recovery; Source Reduction and Reuse; Treatment and Disposal
B. Source Reduction and Reuse; Recycling and Composting; Energy Recovery; Treatment and Disposal
C. Source Reduction and Reuse; Energy Recovery; Recycling and Composting; Treatment and Disposal
D. Energy Recovery; Source Reduction and Reuse; Recycling and Composting; Treatment and Disposal
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. Source Reduction and Reuse; Recycling and Composting; Energy Recovery; Treatment and Disposal.
The first priority in a sustainable waste management plan is preventing the waste at the source. The second priority is recycling and composting to divert material from the waste stream. Energy recovery is when waste is converted into energy in the form of heat, fuel, or electricity. These processes produce waste such as ashes that are then place in the landfill. The last priority is treatment to reduce toxicity and landfill.
Ref: Environmental Protection Agency, Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery
Question 9:
3/16/2020
A new junior high school building is under construction. The project is guided by the AIA suite of documents including the A101, B101, and A201.
Which is the responsibility of the architect during the construction phase of a project?
A. Prepare shop drawings
B. Pay the contractor
C. Coordinate subcontractors
D. Prepare change orders
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Prepare change orders.
The architect prepares the change orders.
Fabricators and suppliers prepare shop drawings. The owner pays the contractor. The general contractor coordinates subcontractors.
Ref: AIA B101-2017 Section 3.6.5.1
Question 10:
3/23/2020
A construction contract is to be “hard bid”.
Which type of project delivery is described?
A. Design-bid-build
B. Guaranteed maximum price
C. Fast track
D. Construction manager
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is A. Design-bid-build.
Under a hard bid scenario, the architect first completes the plans and specifications, then the project is put out to bid, usually to the lowest bidder. This is also known as design-bid-build, or the traditional method of contracting construction.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 11:
3/30/2020
During bidding, the concrete subcontractor has a question about the design of a culvert shown under the road in the site plan.
How should the Request For Information (RFI) be administered? Select the three that apply.
A. The subcontractor should ask the question in writing
B. The general contractor should answer the question
C. The architect should answer the question in writing
D. The RFI should be answered after bidding is complete
E. The general contractor should forward the question to the architect
F. The civil engineer should work directly with the subcontractor to answer the question
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answers are:
A. The subcontractor should ask the question in writing
C. The architect should answer the question in writing
E. The general contractor should forward the question to the architect
The flow of an RFI goes from subcontractor, to general contractor, to architect, to their consultants and back again. All communication from the contractor’s subs must go through the contractor and all communication from the architect’s consultants must go through the architect. Following this communication protocol reduces errors and confusion.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 12:
4/6/2020
An architect has finished preparing the plans and is now helping a client with construction procurement for a new hospital.
Based on the B101, which is the responsibility of the architect?
A. Completion of the bid form
B. Preparation of the contracts for construction
C. Proposals for material substitutions
D. Assistance with bidding or negotiations
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Assistance with bidding or negotiations.
Based on Article 3 of the B101-2017, assisting the owner with bidding or negotiation is part of the architect’s basic services.
Bidders complete bid forms. Owner’s legal counsel prepares the contracts for construction. Bidders propose material substitutions.
Ref: AIA B101; The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 13:
4/13/2020
An architect is preparing the agenda for a preconstruction conference for a new mixed-use building.
Which of the following items should be included on the agenda? Select the three that apply.
A. Distribute bid forms
B. Conduct constructability review
C. Review bonding requirements
D. Establish communication protocols
E. Project record requirements
F. Issue work change proposals
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answers are:
C. Review bonding requirements
D. Establish communication protocols
E. Project record requirements
Preconstruction conferences follow the awarding of the contract but precede actual construction. Preconstruction conferences allow constructors to meet and gain an understanding of the project requirements, procedures, and special characteristics. A typical agenda for preconstruction conferences can be found in The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice.
Choice A is incorrect because bidding is already over and the preconstruction conference is with the chosen bidder and their major subs and suppliers. Choice B is incorrect because if a constructability review was conducted, it was before this point in time. Choice F is incorrect because there are no work change proposals because construction hasn’t started.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 14:
4/20/2020
The architect failed to include undercabinet lighting in the contract documents even though the owner asked for it. The contractor is requesting additional money to pay for the lighting. The owner says the architect should pay for it because it was their fault for leaving it out.
Who should pay for the undercabinet lighting and why?
A. The architect because they made an error by not including it in the first place
B. The owner because it is their project and they are not entitled to free undercabinet lighting
C. The contractor because they should have confirmed the contract with the owner before signing the documents
D. The owner and the architect should split the cost of the undercabinet lighting to keep the project moving forward
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. The owner because it is their project and they are not entitled to free undercabinet lighting.
The owner is not entitled to free undercabinet lighting. While laws and circumstances can vary, in general if the client would have had to pay for the lighting anyways, they would pay for it in the change order regardless if the architect failed to include it in the plans.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 15:
4/21/2020
An architect is certifying the contractor’s payment using standard AIA documents.
Which document accompanies the contractor’s pay application?
A. General Conditions of the Contract
B. Owner-Contractor Agreement
C. Certificate of Substantial Completion
D. Continuation Sheet
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Continuation Sheet.
The Continuation Sheet is the G703. It accompanies the Pay Application which is the G702 sheet. Together, they form the contractor’s application for payment. The G703 breaks down the contract sum based on the schedule of values.
Ref: AIA G702/703
Question 16:
5/4/2020
Indoor air quality is a high priority for both building users and designers.
Legionnaires’ disease is a respiratory ailment associated with which of the following?
A. High-tech office equipment
B. Off-gassing from carpet or paint
C. Soil gasses such as radon
D. Cooling towers or unit air conditioners
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Cooling towers or unit air conditioners.
Legionnaires’ is a pneumonia-like illness caused by a waterborne bacteria that can be found in cooling towers, air conditioners, and hot water heaters. Good maintenance of building water systems prevents the bacteria from growing and spreading.
Ref: Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings
Question 17:
5/11/2020
The exterior roofing and siding of a platform-framed building is nearing completion.
In a typical construction project, which task logically follows?
A. Electrical wiring
B. Terrazzo tile flooring
C. Plumbing distribution lines
D. Drywall and painting
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Plumbing distribution lines.
After framing and enclosing the building but before drywall, the parts of the MEP systems that aren’t seen are installed. This is called roughing in or rough in. Of these, electrical is often installed last because it is most flexible to run.
Ref: Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods
Question 18:
5/18/2020
As part of the General Conditions, a contractor prepares a set of drawings that records the changes that occurred during construction.
How are these drawings identified?
A. As-built drawings
B. Record drawings
C. Measured drawings
D. Working drawings
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. Record drawings.
Typically contractors are required to keep a set of documents at the site where variations from the contract documents are recorded. These are called record drawings.
Choice A, as-built, is an incorrect answer because there really isn’t such a thing as as-built drawings. This is because as-built carries the connotation that the drawings deliver more than a record of changes and represent a high level of accuracy. Choice C, measured drawings, are drawings representing the existing conditions that were measured and recorded by the architect at the beginning of a renovation project. Choice D, working drawings, is another word for the drawing portion of the construction documents.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice; A201
Question 19:
5/25/2020
The construction contract for a new building is to be publicly bid. The construction market is experiencing labor shortages and material costs are high. The client is concerned about the bids exceeding the project budget and wants to be able to adjust the scope of the project at the time of bidding.
What should the architect recommend?
A. Revise the project just prior to bidding to reduce costs
B. Specify bid alternates in the procurement requirements
C. Request that bidders provide suggestions to reduce costs
D. Establish procedures for unit pricing in the specifications
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. Specify bid alternates in the procurement requirements.
Alternates allow for adjusting the price at the time of contract award by allowing the owner to choose to cut scope or lower quality.
Choice A is incorrect because it is too time consuming to do at the last minute before bidding. Choice C is incorrect because the bidding process already allows for bidders to suggest substitutions and the architect does not need to request them. Choice D is incorrect because unit pricing is used when the exact scope of work isn’t known at the time of bidding and allows for pricing in units of work.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice; The Project Resource Manual: CSI Manual of Practice, AIA A701-2018 Instructions to Bidders
Question 20:
6/1/2020
Several types of bonds can be used in construction projects.
Which type of bond deters frivolous bidders?
A. Performance bond
B. Payment bond
C. Bid bond
D. Labor and material bond
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Bid bond.
A bid bond is a form of bid security. The bid bond protects the owner from a bidder who is awarded the bid but fails to enter into a contract.
Choice A, performance bond, protects the owner from a contractor’s ability to carry out the contract. Choice B, payment bond, provides a guarantee that suppliers and subcontractors on the job will be paid. Choice D, labor and material bond is the same thing as a performance bond.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 21:
6/8/2020
Testing and inspections are an important part of ensuring the components of a building meet certain standards.
Which component of a building may undergo ultrasonic testing?
A. Sealants
B. Steel trusses
C. Structural welds
D. Acoustic panels
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Structural welds.
An ultrasonic test will reveal voids or defects within the weld that are not able to be seen with just a visual inspection.
Ref: Olin’s Construction Principles, Materials, and Methods
Question 22:
6/15/2020
A building owner wishes to partially occupy their building for a special weekend event before substantial completion.
The building owner must get permission from which of the following?
A. Contractor
B. Structural engineer
C. Attorney
D. Lender
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is A. Contractor.
The owner needs the contractor’s permission because using the building may cause disruptions to the work that the contractor is still completing. In addition, the building official and both the owner’s and contractor’s insurance companies would likely need to grant permission.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 23:
6/22/2020
An intern architect must fill in for their boss and perform a site visit of a project under construction. The building is about halfway through construction.
Which is the operative word used for the architect’s role at a construction site?
A. Supervision
B. Administration
C. Observation
D. Inspection
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Observation.
For a regular site visit such as the one described, architects observe the work. This is because the job of the architect is to administer the contract for construction as an advisor and representative of the owner. The architect visits the site in order to get generally familiar with the work, to keep the owner informed about the progress and quality of the work, to record observations of deficiencies, and to determine if the work is in conformance with the contract documents.
Choice A is incorrect because the architect unnecessarily increases their liability exposure if they are supervising the construction which is the contractor’s job. Choice B is incorrect because the architect administers the contract, not the construction. Choice D is incorrect because the only two times the architect performs an inspection is at substantial completion and final completion.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice; Law for Architects; AIA B101
Question 24:
6/29/2020
The project manual is missing the specification section for carpet tile. This section must be sent out by addendum.
In which division is it found?
A. 05
B. 07
C. 09
D. 10
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. 09.
Division 09 finishes and includes carpet tile.
Ref: CSI Masterspec
Question 25:
7/6/2020
The construction of a project is guided by the AIA suite of documents including the A201-2017 and B101-2017.
Which marks the end of the architect’s contract administration services?
A. Substantial completion
B. Final completion
C. Certificate of occupancy
D. Final inspection
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. Final completion
A project is complete when the last payment application has been made. This point marks the end of the contract for both the architect and contractor.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice; AIA B101 section 3.6.1.3
Question 26:
7/13/2020
The following bids came in for a new elementary school building. Add alternate #2 was selected by the owner.
Which should the architect advise the owner to select?
A. Contractor A
Base Bid: $1,689,000
Alternate #2: $1,330,000
B. Contractor B
Base Bid: $1,567,000
Alternate #2: $1,335,000
C. Contractor C
Base Bid: $1,342,000
Alternate #2: $1,475,000
D. Contractor D
Base Bid: $1,489,000
Alternate #2: $1,250,000
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Contractor D
Base Bid: $1,489,000
Alternate #2: $1,250,000
Add the base bid and alternate together to find the total for each contractor. Contractor D is the lowest bid and should be awarded the contract.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 27:
7/20/2020
A project is to be publicly bid.
Which is required?
A. Negotiation of bids
B. Pre-bid conference
C. Advertisement to bid
D. Preconstruction conference
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Advertisement to bid
Public projects that use taxpayer money to fund are usually required to be publicly bid and require advertisement of the bid in a newspaper, newsletter, plan room, or other media. This is so every qualified bidder has a chance to bid the project.
Pre-bid and preconstruction conferences are often held but are not required. There is no requirement to negotiate a bid.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 28:
7/27/2020
The budget for a project is broken down into hard and soft costs.
What one of the following is a soft cost?
A. Labor
B. Material
C. Equipment
D. Permit fees
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Permit fees
Soft construction costs are fees incurred in the construction of a building that are not directly related to labor and physical building materials. Soft costs typically include architecture and engineering fees; permit and inspection fees; and taxes, insurance, financing, and legal fees.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 573
Question 29:
8/3/2020
A bid for a construction project is awarded.
What activity takes place next?
A. Owner selects alternates
B. Architect distributes addenda
C. Contractor requests substitutions
D. Owner provides notice to proceed
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Owner provides notice to proceed
The notice to proceed is an authorization from the owner to start construction. It is often given in letter form.
Choice A is incorrect because alternates must be selected in order to award the bid. Choice B is incorrect because addenda are distributed during the bidding phase. Choice C is incorrect because substitution requests are typically made during bidding.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 718
Question 30:
8/10/2020
Several substitutions are approved during bidding. The architect needs to provide information about the substitutions to the bidders.
What should the architect use to send the list of approved substitutions?
A. Memo
B. Addendum
C. Specifications
D. Architect’s Supplemental Instructions (ASI)
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. Addendum
Addenda are prepared and distributed by the design team during bidding to provide bidders with more information. Information in the addenda that are modifications to the contract documents are incorporated into the owner-contractor agreement.
Choice A is incorrect because a memorandum is not a legal document. Choice C is incorrect because at the time of bidding, the specifications are complete and can only be modified through addenda. Choice D is incorrect because ASIs are used to issue further clarification to the contractor during construction or to order minor changes that do not affect the contract time or sum.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 30:
8/17/2020
Refer to the pay application. Retainage is 10%.
What is the amount of retainage that should be withheld for this application?
$_____
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is $30,500
Retainage is an amount withheld by the owner to protect themselves from incomplete or unsatisfactory work by the contractor. Retainage is released at substantial completion or as indicated in the contract.
The amount of retainage is given in the question as 10%. The retainage is applied to line 4 which is the current amount for work completed and stored. $305,000 x 0.10 = $30,500.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, section 16.4, AIA G702-1992
Question 31:
8/24/2020
During the construction of an apartment building, the demising walls were built based on the approved plans. The owner noticed that the STC rating of the walls as called out in the plans was not to the standard that they requested nor up to code. It is determined that the architect made an error.
What scenarios are likely to follow? Select the three that apply.
A. The owner makes a claim to the architect for the costs associated with the error
B. The owner makes a claim to the authority that approved the plans for the costs associated with the error
C. The contractor corrects the work at their own expense
D. The contractor may be entitled to a change in contract time and sum
E. The architect contacts their professional liability insurer
F. The architect contacts their general liability insurer
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answers are:
A. The owner may make a claim to the architect for the costs associated with the error
D. The contractor may be entitled to a change in contract time and sum
E. The architect contacts their professional liability insurer
Choice A is correct. The owner may make a claim to the architect for the error who would then contact their professional liability insurance carrier. Choice D is correct, the contractor is entitled to a change order to rework the walls. Choice E is correct because architects should contact their professional liability insurance carrier for preclaims assistance. Many policies require policy holders to report potential claims. The insurance company might be able to help resolve the issue.
Choice B is incorrect because plan reviewers and building inspectors do not have liability for design errors. Choice C is incorrect because the contractor built to spec. Choice F is incorrect because the architect should contact their professional (E&O) liability carrier, not their general liability policy carrier.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, chapter 16.2; Law for Architects
Question 32:
8/31/2020
An architect needs to issue additional information on the drawings via addendum.
What is added to the title block at this time?
A. Issue date
B. Signatures
C. Revision date
D. Professional seal
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Revision date
Revisions to the drawings during bidding are issued as addenda which are incorporated into the contract documents. Providing the revision date on the drawings allows bidders to know that they are looking at the most recent and correct drawings.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 710
Question 33:
9/07/2020
During construction, an underground oil tank was found on the site. The tank was not shown on the architect’s drawings.
Based on the AIA A201-2017 document, what should the contractor do? Select all that apply.
A. Notify the owner
B. Notify the architect
C. Notify the building official
D. Remove the tank immediately
E. Promptly suspend all construction activity
F. Call the architect and owner to meet at the site
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answers are:
A. Promptly notify the owner
B. Promptly notify the architect
Based on AIA A201-2017 section 3.7.4, if conditions are uncovered on the site that are not represented in the contract documents, the contractor should promptly provide notice the owner and architect within 14 days after first discovery.
Choice C is incorrect because the building official does not need to be notified. Choice D is incorrect because the contractor should first prepare a change order and receive approval to remove the tank. Choice E is incorrect because while the contractor should not disturb the tank until receiving approval from the architect and owner, the contractor is not required to suspend activity. Choice F is incorrect because while the contractor should notify the architect and owner based on A201, it is not required that they come to the site. However, the architect will come to the site to investigate the conditions in order to determine if a change in contract time or sum is warranted.
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 3.7.4
Question 34:
9/14/2020
An architect and owner use the standard AIA documents to guide a project including the B101 and A201.
What are the 3 primary paths to dispute resolution used in the construction industry? Select the three that apply.
A. Litigation
B. Judgment
C. Mediation
D. Arbitration
E. Adjudication
F. Negotiation
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answers are:
A. Litigation
C. Mediation
D. Arbitration
Mediation, arbitration, and litigation are the three primary routes to resolution within the construction industry.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 1033
Question 35:
9/21/2020
An architect is contracted to make a daily record of construction activities.
What should the architect use to record the activities?
A. Field report
B. Submittal log
C. Record drawings
D. General conditions
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is A. Field report
Site observations are recorded on the architect’s field report.
Choice B, submittal log, is used to track submittals, not site visits. Choice C, record drawings are documents that reflect the building as constructed based on information from the contractor. Choice D, general conditions are the terms and conditions of the contract for construction.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 721
Question 36:
9/29/2020
Commissioning services are to be performed on a building project.
The commissioning provider should be which of the following?
A. Subconsultant of the architect
B. Subcontractor of the general contractor
C. Subconsultant of the mechanical engineer
D. Independent from both the design and construction team
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
D. Independent from both the design and construction team
The commissioning provider is usually hired directly by the owner and should be independent of both the design and construction teams.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 737; Green Building Illustrated, page 239
Question 37:
10/6/2020
Five bids are received for a new classroom building at a public university. At the bid opening, it is discovered that one of the bids is 30% below the next lowest bid. The bidder realizes they missed a large part of the scope and would like to withdraw their bid.
Based on the AIA A701 document, Instructions to Bidders, what should the architect recommend? Select all that apply.
A. The bidder to forfeit their bid security
B. The owner to accept the low bidder’s proposal
C. The bidder to add the missed scope to their bid
D. The owner to rebid the project with the same bidders
E. The owner to award the contract to the next lowest bidder
F. The bidder to match the second lowest bid and allow the owner to choose between them
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answers are
A. The bidder to forfeit their bid security
E. The owner to award the contract to the next lowest bidder
Bid errors are handled differently depending if they are clerical errors or errors in judgment as occurs in this scenario. A bidder who made an error in judgment may withdraw their bid but will likely need to forfeit their bid security in order to do so. The owner may then award the contract to the next lowest bidder.
Ref: AIA A701 section 4.2.2
Question 38:
10/13/2020
The use of an existing easement is required to allow access to a project site.
According to AIA A201, who should secure permission to use the easement?
A. Owner
B. Architect
C. Subcontractor
D. General contractor
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is A. Owner
According to AIA A201, the owner must secure and pay for any necessary easements required for construction.
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 2.3.1
Question 39:
10/20/2020
The following tasks will be part of the construction of a new building.
What is installed after the firestopping?
A. Electrical conduit
B. Sheet metal ducts
C. Metal expansion joint covers
D. Full height gypsum board partitions
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Metal expansion joint covers
Firestopping prevents the passage of fire and smoke in a building. Firestopping is installed under and behind expansion joint covers so would need to come before. The firestopping is installed after conduit, pipes, and ducts because the firestopping is often installed around these elements. The firestopping is installed after the full height partitions are installed, especially the partitions at the stairs, elevator shafts, mechanical and electrical shafts, and equipment rooms.
Ref: Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods
Question 40:
10/27/2020
During construction, samples of the structural concrete are poured into cylinders and taken to a lab and tested.
The test cylinders are used to find what quality of the concrete?
A. Cement content
B. Moisture content
C. Mixture workability
B. Compressive strength
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Compressive strength
Test cylinders are customarily taken from each truckload of structural concrete and the hardened concrete is tested in a laboratory for compressive strength.
Ref: Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods
Question 41:
11/3/2020
Based on AIA A701-2018 Instructions to Bidders, requests for clarification from bidders must be submitted to the architect in writing.
These requests must be received by the architect at least how many days before the bid date?
___ days
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is 7 days
7 days allows the architect time to respond to the clarification or interpretation.
Ref: AIA A701-2018 3.2.2
Question 42:
11/10/2020
The contractor covered work that the architect did NOT specifically ask to see. The architect later requests to see the work. The contractor uncovers it and the architect sees that it does in fact conform to the contract documents.
The costs to uncover the work are paid by what party?
A. Owner
B. Architect
C. Contractor
D. Subcontractor
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is A. Owner
According to AIA A201 section 12.1.2, if a portion of the work is covered that the architect has not specifically requested to examine prior to its being covered, the architect may request to see such work and it shall be uncovered by the contractor. If the work is in accordance with the contract documents, the contractor shall be entitled to an equitable adjustment to the contract sum and contract time as appropriate.
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 12.1.2
Question 44
11/17/2020
According to the A201 document, under what circumstance can the architect withhold a contractor’s certificate of payment?
A. The project is 7 days behind schedule
B. The owner and contractor cannot agree on a change order
C. The architect can never withhold a contractor’s certificate of payment
D. Appearance that the work cannot be completed for the remaining contract sum
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Appearance that the work cannot be completed for the remaining contract sum
Section 9.5.1 of AIA Document A201–2017, General Conditions of the Contract for Construction, says:
“… The Architect may also withhold a Certificate for Payment or … may nullify the whole or a part of a Certificate for Payment previously issued … to protect the Owner from loss … because of:
.4 reasonable evidence that the Work cannot be completed for the unpaid balance of the Contract Sum."
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 9.5.1.4
Question 45:
11/23/2020
A bidder wants to install a window from a manufacturer other than what the architect specified. A substitution request is made.
What should the architect do?
A. Approve the request based on the owner’s evaluation and approval
B. Distribute a response to the substitution request to all other bidders
C. Extend the bid date to allow for proper review and vetting of the proposed substitution
D. Prepare a statement providing documentation that the proposed substitution meets the performance criteria
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. Distribute a response to the substitution request to all other bidders
All bidders should be informed of the architect’s response to the substitution request.
Choice A is incorrect because the architect must only approve the product after verifying that the performance criteria of the product is met. The architect should not rely on the owner’s opinion of the substitution request. Choice C is incorrect because substitutions requests should not delay the bid date. Choice D is incorrect because it is the contractor who prepares the documentation, not the architect.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, pages 709-710
Question 46:
12/1/20
A project is under construction using the A101/A201 documents. Some of the work specified in the contract documents is not up to code. The contractor knew the work was against the code, and installed it anyways.
The costs to correct the mistake are paid by what party?
A. Owner
B. Architect
C. Contractor
D. Subcontractor
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Contractor
According to AIA A201-2017 section 3.2.3, the contractor shall promptly report to the architect any nonconformity with the building code in the contract documents that is discovered by the contractor. If the contractor fails to perform this obligation, they are liable for the costs incurred.
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 3.2.3
Question 47
12/7/20
A set of construction documents states that “Concrete work shall
conform to all requirements of ACI 301.”
Who publishes the ACI 301 standard?
A. ASTM International
B. American Concrete Institute
C. Construction Specifications Institute
D. American Society of Concrete Contractors
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. American Concrete Institute
ACI 301 is published by the American Concrete Institute. This document establishes standards for the concrete industry and covers every aspect of concrete work. ACI 301 is often incorporated into specifications by reference.
Ref: Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods
Question 48
12/14/20
The design portion of a project is complete and the project is submitted to the jurisdiction for review.
According to AIA Document A201-2017, what party shall secure and pay for the necessary permits?
A. Owner
B. Lender
C. Architect
D. Contractor
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Contractor
The contractor secures and pays for the building permit.
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 3.7
Question 49
12/21/20
During construction, a contractor has a question for the architect about about some recent changes to the plans.
What document is used to request the information?
A. Submittals
B. Field report
C. Request for information
D. Supplemental instructions
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Request for information
Construction involves a complex exchange of information between the contractor, owner, and architect. The RFI process was developed to administer and record this transfer of information.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 716
Question 50
12/28/20
A general contractor and one of the subcontractors are in a dispute about who is responsible for some waste and rubbish on the construction site. The owner would like the site cleaned up immediately.
According to AIA A201, how should the parties proceed?
A. The subcontractor should clean up the site and charge the owner for the cost
B. The general contractor should clean up the site and charge the owner for the cost
C. The owner should clean up the site and the architect will allocate the cost among those responsible
D. The general contractor should clean up the site and the architect will allocate the cost among those responsible
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. The owner should clean up the site and the architect will allocate the cost among those responsible
According to AIA A201 section 6.3, in the event of a dispute about responsibilities for keeping the construction site free from waste and rubbish, the owner may clean up the site and the architect will allocate the cost among those responsible.
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 6.3
Question 51
1/4/21
As part of the quality assurance protocols during the construction of a project, several special inspections must be performed.
What is the architect’s role in special inspections?
A. Evaluate the results of the testing
B. Specify the type and extent of inspection
C. Decide if the special inspector is qualified
D. Determine compliance to the contract documents
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. Specify the type and extent of inspection
The design professionals (architects and engineers of record) list the special inspection and testing requirements in the statement of special inspections. The statement of special inspections describes the material to be tested (e.g. steel, concrete, spray-on fire protection), the type, extent, and frequency of the inspections.
Choice A is incorrect because evaluating the results of the testing is one of the roles of the special inspector. Choice C is incorrect because deciding if the special inspector is qualified is the role of the building official. Choice D is incorrect because determining compliance with the contract documents is the role of the special inspector. Choices A and D may be true if the special inspector is also the design professional.
Ref: International Building Code 2018 chapter 17; Building Codes Illustrated
Question 52
1/10/21
The general conditions for a construction contract requires a signed waiver of lien with every pay application.
Who benefits most from the waiver?
A. Owner
B. Architect
C. Contractor
D. Subcontractor
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is A. Owner
A waiver of lien is a statement from a contractor, subcontractor, or supplier that they have been paid in full and therefore waive their right to file a lien against the property. A waiver of lien is essentially a receipt for the owner to get confirmation that they have paid for the work included in the pay application.
Ref: A201-2017, General Conditions of the Contract for Construction; The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 1092
Question 53
1/18/21
A portion of the contractor’s work is covered, contrary to a requirement for the work to be observed by the architect before being covered. The architect later requests to see the work and it must be uncovered.
The costs to uncover the work are paid by what party?
A. Owner
B. Architect
C. Contractor
D. Subcontractor
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Contractor
According to AIA A201 section 12.1.1, if a portion of the work is covered contrary to the architect’s request or to the requirements specifically expressed in the contract documents, it must, if requested in writing by the architect, be uncovered for the architect’s examination and be replaced at the contractor’s expense and without change in the contract time.
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 12.1.1
Question 54
1/25/21
An architect finds themselves defending against an accusation of negligence. The architect is being judged against the common law standard for practicing architects.
What is this standard?
A. The architect’s services will be high quality and shall be delivered error-free
B. The architect’s services shall be in full compliance with all laws, codes, and rules
C. The architect shall correct all errors and omissions and correct the drawings to the owner’s satisfaction
D. The architect will perform services consistent with the level of skill and care consistent with that of other architects
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer. is D. The architect will perform services consistent with the level of skill and care consistent with that of other architects
Choices A, B, and C all imply error-free services. Architects are not required to provide error-free services. An architect may only be found liable for damages when their performance is not comparable to the performance of similarly situated professionals.
In the US, common law is interchangeable with case law. Common or case law is based on judicial precedent. In other words, decisions made in the past by courts provide guidance on how new cases will be decided. This means courts will often, but not always, rule the same as previous cases. Common or case law establishes the Standard of Care for architects and other professionals such as engineers, accountants, doctors, and lawyers. Common laws are generally jurisdiction-specific.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 1071
Question 55
2/1/21
An architect is performing construction phase services based on AIA B101.
According to AIA B101, the architect’s construction phase services are conducted between what project milestones?
A. Commences with the preconstruction meeting and terminates with issuance of the certificate of substantial completion
B. Commences with the award of the contract for construction and terminates with issuance of the final certificate for payment
C. Commences with the award of the contract for construction and terminates with issuance of the certificate of substantial completion
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. Commences with the award of the contract for construction and terminates with issuance of the final certificate for payment
Section 3.6.1.3 of AIA B101 defines the architect’s responsibility to perform construction phase services commencing with the award of the contract for construction and terminating on the dae the architect issues the final certificate for payment.
Ref: AIA B101-2017 section 3.6.1.3
Qustion 56
2/8/21
A construction project is finishing up and the contractor notifies the architect that the project is ready to be inspected for substantial completion. A few outstanding items remain to be completed.
What document identifies the remaining outstanding work at this point?
A. Punch list
B. Pencil draw
C. Record drawings
D. Certificate of substantial completion
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is A. Punch list
A punch list is a list of items remaining for completion or correction at the time of substantial completion. It is attached to or referenced by the certificate of substantial completion. The punch list is typically prepared by the general contractor but the architect may get involved or may choose to prepare the list as an additional service.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 730
Question 57
2/15/21
A load of concrete is being tested on site with a slump test.
What quality of the concrete does the slump test measure?
A. Density
B. Strength
C. Uniformity
D. Workability
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Workability
A concrete slump test is a simple test performed by filling a cone-shaped container with concrete mix. The top of the cone is leveled off and the cone is lifted vertically, allowing the unsupported mix to slump. The decrease in the height of the slumped concrete is measured. The test measures the workability or fluidity of the fresh concrete.
Ref: Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods
Question 58
2/23/21
During construction, several modifications to the original owner-contractor contract must occur.
What type of contract modification may be signed by the architect only?
A. Change order
B. Additional services
C. Minor change in the work
D. Construction change directive
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Minor change in the work
A minor change in the work is one that does not affect the contract time or the contract sum and is consistent with the design intent. It is issued and signed only by the architect unless it is contested, in which case a construction change directive (CCD) or change order (CO) will be required as deemed appropriate.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 726
Question 59
3/1/21
Refer to the pay application. There is no retainage on this job. The contractor has already been paid $145,712.33.
What number goes on Line 9 of the pay application?
$_____
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is $403,801.91
Line 9 shows the amount still owed to the contractor under the contract sum after the current payment application is paid. In order to find the answer, complete the pay application.
Since there is no retainage, Line 5 is $0 and Line 6 is the same as Line 4 which is $256,990.50.
Since Line 9, Balance to Finish, is found by subtracting Line 6 from Line 3, we can now make that calculation.
$660,792.41 - $256,990.50 = $403,801.91
Note: You don’t need to complete the rest of the application to solve the problem, but if you wanted to Line 7 is given in the scenario as $145,712.33 and Line 8 is the current bill due and is found by subtracting Line 7 from Line 6.
$256,990.50 - $145,712.33 = $111,278.17.
Ref: AIA G702
Question 60
3/8/21
A midrise apartment building is under construction. Fire stopping is called out on the plans around the pipes that penetrate the concrete floor slabs. The plumber didn’t complete the firestopping as part of the their scope of work, stating that it should be responsibility of the drywall contractor.
What document should be reviewed to help resolve the dispute?
A. Subcontractors’ bids
B. The general conditions
C. Architect’s project manual
D. Owner-contractor agreement
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is A. Subcontractors’ bids
Subcontractor bids include a detailed scope of work. The general contractor is responsible for coordinating the work of the subcontractors.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 711
Question 61
3/15/21
An architect is reviewing a contractor’s bid for a design-bid-build project. The contractor has included a contingency in their bid price.
What cost is covered by the contractor’s contingency?
A. Material substitutions
B. Owner-directed changes
C. Errors during construction
D. Unforeseeable site conditions
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Errors during construction
The contractor’s contingency is amount of money set aside in a bid to cover unexpected costs. The contractor determines the items included in the contingency based on managing risks associated with the project and is based on experience. Generally, the contractor’s contingency covers costs due to errors made in pricing or during construction as well as costs related to incomplete documents. The contractor’s contingency may also include costs related to dispute resolution, legal fees, and claims against the client or subcontractors, and subcontractor or supplier default.
Choices A, B, and D are all covered by the owner’s contingency, not the contractor’s.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 705-706
Question 62
3/21/21
The owner of a construction project makes a payment according to the most recent pay application. The owner initiated the payment on a Friday and the general contractor received the payment on the following Monday. Several subcontractors need to be paid their portion of the payment.
According to AIA A201, what is the last day the contractor can pay the subcontractors?
A. Friday
B. Next Monday
C. Two weeks from Friday
D. Two weeks from Monday
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. Next Monday
According to section 9.6.2 of AIA A201, the contractor has 7 days after receipt of payment from the owner to pay the subcontractors.
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 9.6.2
Question 63
3/29/21
The owner for a project requires a contractor to be bonded in order to bid.
The bond is issued by which party?
A. Bank
B. Surety
C. Architect
D. Contractor
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. Surety
Bonding means a contractor’s surety offers a guarantee to the owner that the project will be performed per the contract documents.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 64
4/5/21
The design of an existing building includes repair of the existing spread footing. The concrete footing must be exposed in order to perform the repairs.
What is used to temporarily support the building while the work is performed?
A. Tie backs
B. Slurry wall
C. Soldier piles
D. Needle beams
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Needle beams
Needle beams are placed horizontally through the wall to be supported, providing support for the wall and allowing work to be done on the exposed footing.
Ref: Building Construction Illustrated
Question 65
4/12/21
A contractor has provided the following information on the first continuation sheet as part of a payment application.
Description of work: Mobilization
Scheduled value: $4,000
Work completed from previous application: $0
Work completed this period: $4,000
Materials presently stored: $0
Description of work: Earthwork
Scheduled value: $24,000
Work completed from previous application: $0
Work completed this period: $18,000
Materials presently stored: $0
Description of work: Brick retaining wall
Scheduled value: $6,000
Work completed from previous application: $0
Work completed this period: $3,000
Materials presently stored: $1,000
Description of work: Patio pavers
Scheduled value: $12,000
Work completed from previous application: $0
Work completed this period: $0
Materials presently stored: $10,000
What is the total amount completed and stored to date?
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is $36,000
$4,000 + $18,000 + $3,000 + $1,000 + $10,000 = $36,000
Ref: AIA G703-1992
Question 66
4/19/21
The owner would like to add a large skylight that wasn’t originally in the contract documents. The architect determines expenses as follows:
Labor: $1,500
Rented equipment: $550
Materials: $1,730
Rented hand tools: $100
Contractor’s overhead and profit: 10%
What is the amount of the change order authorized by the architect?
$____
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is $4,158
$1,500 + $550 + $1,730 = $3,780
$3,780 x 1.10 = $4,158
Note that the cost of the rented hand tools is not to be included in the change order amount.
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 7.3.4.3
Question 67
4/25/21
An architect’s field report mentions a portion of the work is nonconforming.
What is meant by nonconforming work?
A. Does not comply with building codes
B. Deviates from the contract documents
C. Deviates from the owner’s requirements
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. Deviates from the contract documents
In contract administration, nonconformance means nonconformance to the contract documents.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, pages 720-721
Question 68
5/3/21
The plumbing subcontractor’s portion of a construction contract is $1,000,000. The project has 10% retainage. For the current pay application, the plumbing subcontractor claims that their work is 30% complete.
What should the plumbing contractor get paid for this month’s pay application? $_____
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is $270,000
First find the gross amount due to the subcontractor by taking their contract total times the amount completed to date.
$1,000,000 x 0.30 = $300,000
Then calculate the retainage that will be held on the payment amount.
$300,000 x 0.10 = $30,000
For the last step, subtract the retainage from the payment amount.
$300,000 - $30,000 = $270,000
The Ref: AIA G702-1992
Question 69
5/10/21
Consider the following:
Project Scope: 400 square foot addition and renovation to 120 year old, two-story residence. New rooftop deck. New garage, fence, deck, patio, and turf.
Project Site: Urban context in a large city. Small lot with several restrictions including height, bulk, and area.
Owner’s concerns: Site security, safety, and cleanliness; construction quality. Scheduling - client would like the project to be finished by the time school starts in late August but is not necessary.
Owner’s requests: A good communicator, friendly, flexible, responsive, cost-sensitive, and transparent about costs.
Contractor A: 30 years of experience with large, custom homes, mostly new construction. Detail-oriented, cost-sensitive, efficient, and a good communicator. Contractor is an employee of a privately-held company with about 20 staff including administrative staff. Level of interest in the project: Medium-high
Contractor B: 30 years of experience with complex residential renovations and redeveloping run-down properties in the same urban area as the project. Friendly, patient, and trustworthy. Sole proprietor with strong subcontractor connections. Level of interest in the project: High
Contractor C: 12 years of experience as a roofer, 4 years of experience as a general contractor. Excellent in administration and communication. Cost sensitive but inexperienced with additions and working on older homes in urban areas. Husband-wife partnership. They self-perform as much of the work as they can. Level of interest in the project: Medium-High
Contractor D: 8 years of experience with both small commercial and residential projects in suburban neighborhoods. Holds a Masters in Architecture and used to work in an architect’s office. His father, a retired engineer, is a silent partner in the business and his high-school aged son works as a general laborer in the summer. Level of interest in the project: Medium-high
Contractor E: 8 years of experience with residential renovations. Friendly and trustworthy with lots of good references. Cost-effective but slow. Sole proprietor with 5-6 general laborers as contract employees working on an as-needed basis. Level of interest in the project: High
Contractor F: 4 years of experience with residential renovations. Efficient and cost-sensitive. Hires 100% of the work to subcontractors and solely acts as a construction manager. Level of interest in the project: Low
What contractors should the architect invite to bid on the project? Select three.
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answers are
A
B
E
Architects help select contractors based on meeting the needs of the client and the project. Choice A doesn’t appear to have experience with the exact project type, but they are experienced in custom residential and meet the owner and project requirements. Choice B is easy to identify as a match as the criteria are met and there are no red flags indicated. Choice E appears to meet the criteria and the only drawback appears to be that they are slower which is not a huge concern.
For a question like this, it is helpful to eliminate answers rather than select answers. Choice C can be eliminated because they are inexperienced in the project type. Choice D can be eliminated because there isn’t enough indication that this contractor has the communication skills and friendliness requested by the owner. Choice F can be eliminated because of low interest in the project. We also don’t see any indication of this choice meeting the clients needs for a good communicator who is responsive, flexible,and transparent about cost.
The Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 606
Question 70
5/17/21
An architect is preparing bid forms for a large recreation park. Several alternates will be proposed so the client can customize the bid.
What should be one of the alternates?
A. Reduce the size of the vending area from 600 sf to 200 sf.
B. Remove cabinets below countertops in the office and reception area.
C. Provide SIPS panels in lieu of stick framing for exterior walls and roof.
D. Provide vinyl tile floor in lieu of the wood athletic flooring in Rooms 113 -115.
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Provide vinyl tile floor in lieu of the wood athletic flooring in Rooms 113 -115.
Alternates should have few “moving parts” and should not be too complicated in order to avoid misunderstandings. “This or that” type alternates are the best approach.
Choice A is incorrect because reducing the size of an area within the building would have a lot of moving parts and will be easily misunderstood without detailed instructions. Choice B is incorrect because the cabinets provide support for the countertops and they cannot just be removed. Without more detailed information about what will support the countertop, this proposal would result in misunderstandings. Choice C is incorrect because it also has too many moving parts and is not as simple as a “this or that” alternate.
The Ref: The Project Resource Manual: CSI Manual of Practice
Question 71
5/24/21
An architecture firm is managing a new school building project. By law, the school district must advertise for bids and procure construction work through competitive bidding. The school district must award the contract to the lowest bidder.
According to AIA-701 2018, Instructions to Bidders, the contract shall be awarded to the low bidder who is which of the following?
A. Qualified and local
B. Competent and capable
C. Responsive and responsible
D. Experienced and recommended
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Responsive and responsible
Responsiveness relates to the invitation to bid and the bid itself. A bid is said to be “responsive” when it substantially complies with the requirements set out in the invitation to bid.
A responsible bidder is one that can perform and complete the work required by the contract documents. This includes the necessary financial and technical capability to perform the work.
The Ref: AIA-701 2018 section 5.3.1
Question 72
5/30/21
A 2x6 wall is filled with closed cell spray foam insulation.
What is the expected R-value of the wall?
A. 12
B. 18
C. 24
D. 32
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. 32
Closed cell insulation has an R-value of about 5-7 per inch. A 2x6 cavity is 5.5 inches and the spray foam will fill 5 of those 5.5 inches, stopping about 1/2" short so the foam doesn’t have to be trimmed to allow a finish to be applied to the wall.
Ref: Fundamentals of Building Construction
Question 73
6/7/21
What building system is tested in the field by special inspectors?
A. Fenestration U-value
B. Driveway concrete slab
C. Wood beams and joists
D. Spray-applied fireproofing
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Spray-applied fireproofing
Spray-applied fireproofing is inspected for the condition of the substrate, thickness of application, density, bond strength, and condition of finished application.
The Ref: International Building Code 2018 section 1705.1, Building Codes Illustrated
Question 74
6/14/21
A construction project is nearing completion.
What closeout activity occurs first?
A. Architect inspects the work
B. Contractor completes punch list
C. Final change order executed and filed
D. Contractor notifies architect of substantial completion
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. Contractor notifies architect of substantial completion
Project closeout proceedings begin when the contractor notifies architect that project is substantially completed. The architect inspects the work to determine if it is substantially complete and then issues the Certificate of Substantial Completion. A list of incomplete work is attached to the certificate (the punch list). The contractor completes the punch list per the stipulations in the Certificate of Substantial Completion before the final change order is executed and filed, which is during final payment.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, chapter 10.10; AIA G704-2017, Certificate of Substantial Completion
Question 75
6/21/21
A 2x6 wall is filled with closed cell spray foam insulation
What is the expected R-value of the wall?
A. 12
B. 18
C. 24
D. 32
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. 32
Closed cell insulation has an R-value of about 5-7 per inch. A 2x6 cavity is 5.5 inches and the spray foam will fill 5 of those 5.5 inches, stopping about 1/2" short so the foam doesn’t have to be trimmed to allow a finish to be applied to the wall.
Ref: Fundamentals of Building Construction
Question 76
7/1/21
A construction project is underway using the A201, A101, and B101 documents. The architect is preparing certificates of payment every month as the project proceeds.
What does the architect’s certification of payment represent?
A. The work has progressed to the point indicated in the pay application
B. The quality of the work is in accordance with the architect’s expectations
C. The architect has made exhaustive or continuous on-site quality inspections of the work
D. The architect has reviewed all subcontractor and supplier pay applications for correlation with the general contractor’s pay application
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is A. The work has progressed to the point indicated in the pay application
The basis for calculating the progress payments to the contractor is the schedule of values. The schedule of values is an allocation of the total contract price among each of the segments of the work that is prepared at the beginning of construction. The architect (and their consultants) typically coordinates review of the pay application with a scheduled site visit and compares the work completed with the pay application and the schedule of values. If the requested amounts are reasonable representations of the work completed, the architect (and their consultants) will issue the certificate of payment portion of the application to the owner for payment.
Ref: AIA B101-2017 sections 3.6.3.1 and 3.6.3.2; The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, pages 722-723
Question 77
7/26/21
What type of bond protects an owner against claims from subcontractors or suppliers who have not been paid on a project?
A. Bid
B. Payment
C. Performance
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is B. Payment
Payment bonds guarantee that a contractor will pay their subcontractors and suppliers. Bid bonds provide reassurance that a contractor will sign a contract for the amount of their bid if they are awarded the project. Performance bonds guarantee that the work outlined in the contract will be performed according to the conditions and requirements of the contract.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, 15th edition, page 701
Question 78
8/02/21
A well-point dewatering system is used to remove water from an excavation.
Under what circumstance is a well point dewatering system used?
A. A shallow excavation in solid rock
B. A deep excavation with older buildings close by
C. An excavation that has standing water from rain
D. An excavation with continuous groundwater seepage
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is D. An excavation with continuous groundwater seepage
Excavations need to be kept dry during construction. Well points are vertical pipes inserted into the ground with screened openings at the bottom that keep out soil particles and allow water to enter. The well points are connected to pumps that draw water from the ground and discharge it away from the site. The well points depress the water table in the surrounding soil to below the bottom of the excavation, allowing the excavation to be dry and workable.
An excavation with continuous seepage from groundwater is a good candidate for a well point system.
Ref: Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods
Question 79
8/10/21
The contractor covered work that the architect did not specifically ask to see. The architect later requests to see the work. The contractor uncovers it and the work does NOT conform to the contract documents.
The costs to uncover the work are paid by what party?
A. Owner
B. Architect
C. Contractor
D. Subcontractor
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Contractor
According to AIA A201 section 12.1.2, if a portion of the work is covered that the architect has not specifically requested to examine prior to its being covered, the architect may request to see such work and it shall be uncovered by the contractor. If the work is NOT in accordance with the contract documents, the cost of uncovering and correcting the work shall be at the contractor’s expense.
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 12.1.2
Question 80
8/18/21
During excavation, the contractor finds evidence of an ancient burial ground.
According to AIA A201, when does the contractor have to notify the owner and the architect of the finding?
A. Immediately
B. Within 7 days
C. Within 14 days
D. Within 21 days
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is A. Immediately
According to AIA A201-2017 section 3.7.5, if a contractor encounters evidence of a burial marker during construction, they should immediately suspend operations and notify the owner and the architect.
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 3.7.5
Question 81
8/24/21
The excavation contract for a construction project is a unit price of $125 per cubic yard of fill removed from the site. The contractor’s pay application requests 80% of the total sum for the earthwork portion of the contract. The area to be excavated is 810 square feet and the excavation will be 3 feet deep.
How much should the architect approve for the contractor’s pay application?
$____
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is $9000
Find the number of cubic yards by diving the square footage by 9.
810 sf / 9 = 90 cu yards
Then find the total cost of the excavation.
90 cu yards x $125 = $11,250
Finally, find 80% of the total excavation cost.
$11,250 (0.80) = $9,000
Ref: AIA G702-1992
Question 82
9/13/21
A year after construction of a masonry building, a white powdery substance appears on the exterior face of the masonry. The substance is found to be efflorescence.
What is the source of efflorescence?
A. Minerals deposited from rainwater
B. Freeze thaw cycling of the masonry
C. Salts leaching out of the masonry or mortar
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is C. Salts leaching out of the masonry or mortar
Efflorescence occurs when salts within the masonry or mortar are brought to the surface by water and left on the surface after the water evaporates.
Ref: Fundamentals of Building Construction
Question 83
10/11/21
During the construction phase, the owner requests to change the exterior material to hardboard siding in lieu of brick veneer.
The contractor has supplied the following cost information:
- Material cost of hardboard siding: $3.75 per sf
- Material cost of brick veneer: $6.50 per sf
- Labor for hardboard installation: $3,000
- Labor for brick veneer installation: $8.00 per sf
The building is 80 feet by 40 feet and the side walls are 12 feet tall. There are 5 windows that are each 5 feet by 5 feet and two doors that are each 3 feet wide by 7 feet high.
How much will this requested change save?
$__
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is $26164.75
First find the area of the exterior wall material.
80 feet + 80 feet + 40 feet + 40 feet = 240 feet perimter
240 feet x 12 feet = 2,880 sf area
Then subtract the area for the windows and doors.
5 x 5 feet x 5 feet = 125 sf windows
2 x 7 feet x 3 feet = 42 sf doors
125 sf + 42 sf = 167 sf total openings
2,880 sf - 167 sf = 2,713 sf
Then find the cost for each materal.
Hardboard: 2,713 sf x $3.75/sf + $3,000 = $13,173.75
Brick veneer: 2,713 sf x ($6.50/sf + $8.00/sf) = $39,338.50
To find the savings, subtract the cost of the hardboard from the brick veneer.
$39,338.50 - $13,173.75 = $26,164.75
Question 84
11/8/21
A project is proceeding with the AIA suite of documents including A101, A201, and B101. The contractor requests an extension in time to complete the project.
In what circumstances should the contractor be allowed an extension of the contract time? Check the three that apply.
A. Catastrophic flooding
B. Contractor declares bankruptcy
C. Construction site safety violation
D. Errors and omissions in the plans
E. Contractor’s staff fails to order finish materials in time
F. Differing site conditions from those shown in the contract documents
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is:
A. Catastrophic flooding
D. Errors and omissions in the plans
F. Differing site conditions from those shown in the contract documents
Delays in a construction schedule are either excusable or non-excusable. Excusable delays are those that are beyond the contractor’s control. If a delay is excusable it can either be compensable or non-compensable. The compensation can be an extension in time, additional money, or both. The best example of excuseable delays are what is known as Acts of God (Force Majeure) like flooding and fires. Choices A, D, and F are excusable delays for the contractor.
Choices B, C, and E are non-excusable delays because they are caused by the contractor.
Ref: AIA A201-2017; The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 85
12/13/21
The contract for a construction project requires retainage of 10% and 10% contingency. The amount requested by the foundation contractor on their first pay application is $300,000. The foundation contractor’s total contract is for $400,000.
What amount should be released to the foundation contractor?
$____
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is: $270,000
To find the amount to be released to the contractor, subtract the retainage held (10%) from the amount requisitioned for. First, find the retainage amount:
$300,000 x 0.10 = $30,000
Then, subtract that amount from the amount the contractor requisitioned for:
$300,000 - $30,000 = $270,000
The total contract value and contingency amounts are distractors and do not factor into this question.
Ref: The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Question 86
1/18/22
During excavation, the contractor finds a buried pipe that was not shown on the plans.
According to AIA A201, how many days does the contractor have to notify the architect of the finding?
___ days
Answer: (Click blurred text to reveal)
The answer is: 14 days
The contractor must notify the owner and the architect no later than 14 days after first discovery.
Ref: AIA A201-2017 section 3.7.4